Before the construction of fireproof coating for steel structure, the dust and sundries on the building substrate shall be cleaned, and the gaps shall be filled with fireproof coating. In particular, there are rust, welding slag, oil stain, mechanical dirt, old paint film and other residues on the surface of steel structure due to processing, storage and transportation. In order to improve the anti rust and anti-corrosion ability of the coating, surface treatment is very important.

鋼結(jié)構(gòu)防火涂料施工前，應(yīng)對(duì)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)表面進(jìn)行凈化處理：

Before the construction of fireproof coating for steel structure, the surface of steel structure shall be purified:

1.除油

1. Degreasing

去除金屬工件表面的油污,可增強(qiáng)涂料的附著力。根據(jù)油污情況,選用成本低、溶解力強(qiáng)、毒性小且不易燃的溶劑。常用的有200號(hào)石油溶劑油、松節(jié)油、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、四氯化碳、二氯甲烷、三氯乙烷、三氟三氯乙烷等。

Removing the oil stain on the surface of metal workpiece can enhance the adhesion of coating. The solvent with low cost, strong solubility, low toxicity and nonflammability shall be selected according to the oil pollution. Commonly used are 200 petroleum solvent oil, turpentine, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, trichloroethane, trifluoro trichloroethane, etc.

2.除銹

2. Rust removal

徹底鋼材表面的銹垢,以延長涂膜的使用壽命。不同的鋼鐵器件表面有不同的除銹標(biāo)準(zhǔn),它是按照除銹后鋼材表面清潔度分級(jí)的。除銹的方法主要有:

Completely remove the rust on the steel surface to prolong the service life of the coating. Different steel device surfaces have different derusting standards, which are classified according to the steel surface cleanliness after derusting. Rust removal methods mainly include:

(1)手工打磨除銹,能除去松動(dòng)、翹起的氧化皮,疏松的銹及其他污物。

(1) Manual grinding and derusting can remove loose and warped oxide scale, loose rust and other dirt.

(2)機(jī)械除銹,借助于機(jī)械沖擊力與摩擦作用,使制件表面除銹?？梢杂脕硌趸?、銹層、舊漆層及焊渣等。其特點(diǎn)是操作簡便,比手工除銹效率高。常用的除銹設(shè)備有：

(2) Mechanical derusting, with the help of mechanical impact and friction, makes the surface of the workpiece derusting. It can be used to remove oxide scale, rust layer, old paint layer and welding slag. It is characterized by simple operation and higher efficiency than manual rust removal. Common derusting equipment include:

①鋼板除銹機(jī):制件在一對(duì)快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的金屬絲滾筒間通過,靠絲刷與鋼材表面的快速摩擦,除 去制件板面的銹蝕層;

① Steel plate derusting machine: the workpiece passes between a pair of rapidly rotating metal wire rollers, and the rust layer on the plate surface of the workpiece is removed by the rapid friction between the wire brush and the steel surface;

②手提式鋼板除銹機(jī):由電動(dòng)機(jī)通過軟軸帶動(dòng)鋼絲輪與鋼材表面摩擦而除銹;

② Portable steel plate derusting machine: the motor drives the steel wheel to rub with the steel surface through the flexible shaft to remove rust;

③滾筒除銹機(jī):靠滾筒轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)使磨料與鋼材表面相互沖擊、摩擦而除銹?，F(xiàn)在還用噴砂除銹,并且是一種重要的除銹方式。

③ Drum derusting machine: derusting by mutual impact and friction between abrasive and steel surface due to drum rotation. Sand blasting is still used to remove rust, and it is an important way to remove rust.

(3)化學(xué)除銹,通常稱為酸洗,是以酸溶液促使鋼材表面銹層發(fā)生化學(xué)變化并溶解在酸液中,而達(dá)到除銹目的。常用浸漬、噴射、涂覆3種處理方式。

(3) Chemical derusting, usually called pickling, is to achieve the purpose of derusting by promoting the chemical change of the rust layer on the steel surface and dissolving it in the acid solution. Dipping, spraying and coating are commonly used.

(4)除銹劑除銹,常用絡(luò)合除銹劑,既可在酸性條件下進(jìn)行,也可在堿性條件下進(jìn)行,前者還適合于除油、磷化等綜合表面處理。

(4) Rust remover is commonly used as complex rust remover, which can be carried out under acidic conditions or alkaline conditions. The former is also suitable for comprehensive surface treatment such as oil removal and phosphating.

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